The Impact of Innovation on Profitability of McDonald`s - Samples

Question: Discuss about the Impact of Innovation on Profitability of McDonald`s. Answer: Introduction This research proposal intends to analyze the impact of innovation on McDonald`s profitability. McDonalds is a famous food chain around the world. However, the competition for McDonald`s is increasing day by day, as there are several food chains such as- KFC, Dominos, and Subway, which are giving a tough competition to McDonalds. In order to entice the customers, it is important to provide such product or services which are different from the competitor brand. Innovation is one of the ways that can help in providing different product to the customers and gain competitive advantage. The research proposal includes the problem statement which provides detail about the problem which insists to perform the research; aims and objectives of the research, conceptual framework, methodology for research, the budget for the research and organization of research. Problem Statement Competition among the business organizations is increasing day by day. In order to entice the consumers and to enhance the sales and profitability, organizations are adopting innovative strategies and practices(Shukla, 2017). Through innovation, an organization can make changes in the business operations, modifications in products and strategies etc. Innovative products which have different attributes, such as- new taste (food product), new packaging, new design etc. The better innovative product is generally appraised by the customers. The main problem that insists to carry put the research is to study the impact of innovation on McDonald`s profitability. It is important to analyze the impact of the innovation in the product of McDonald`s, to assess whether the innovation will enhance the profit volume or not. Hence to solve this problem, the research will be carried out. Research aim, objectives and research questions Aim of the Research- This research proposal`s aim is to study the impact of innovation on the profitability of the McDonald`s The objective of Research- The objective of the research is related to the research aim. When the objectives of the research will be accomplished, then it will support in reaching the aim of the research( Bougie Sekaran, 2016). The main objective of the research is as follows- Study the McDonald`s product menu. Analysing the impact of innovation on McDonald`s profitability. Evaluating the impact of adding a new product in the menu list of McDonald`s. Research Questions- The research will intent to find the answer to the primary question i.e. - What is the importance of innovation in regards to the enhancement of profitability for McDonalds? The other important questions which are required to be answered through the research are- Will product innovation be helpful for the McDonald`s? Is there any requirement of product innovation Justification and potential output of the research project Justification of research for McDonald`s Technology along with innovation has come up with extreme results for business organisation in terms of their business operation management. In order to manage business activities or operations, there are various innovative ideas or innovative technology has been adopted by business organisations. Therefore innovation in business organisation has become topic of interest for many researchers. The research is important to be carried out as there are a number of benefits of applying innovation in the business. Innovation in perspective to the business organizations can be related to the adoption of the new technology system, strategic innovation, manufacturing innovation etc. This research has an objective to analyze the appliance of innovation and its benefit for McDonald's in terms of enhancing the profitability(Cuellar, 2015). Through this research, McDonald`s will be able to assess the importance of adopting innovation in the product list. Through the research, it can be evaluated that which type of product shall be manufactured by McDonald`s for its customers. As innovation in the product by considering the customer`s taste and preferences, will provide profit to the McDonalds. As effective innovation will help in enhancing the sales and enhancement of sales will lead to profit maximization. The research will also be beneficial for the McDonalds as through the research result, the areas related to the risk for business can also be identified(Kaufmann Ruediger, 2014). Subsequently, strategies could be developed by McDonald's to mitigate those risks which can become a hurdle in adopting the innovation. In addition to this, the other benefits which can be availed through the McDonalds after completion of this research are- improved customer satisfaction, gaining competitive advantage, support and encourage diversity. Potential output of research The expected output of the research is as follows: The benefits of innovation for McDonald`s Risks associated with innovation, that may cause issues for business Preferences of customers, as what innovation they want in the product Overall impact of innovation on McDonalds business Conceptual framework Innovation means adoption of new ideas, strategies for the better mental and for increasing output. It is a very complicated procedure which requires time and effectivemanpower. Innovation is mainly applied to increase the productivity of the company's product and also to increase the profit graph of the concerned. Under this importance is given to improve the quality of the product, goods used in manufacturing, effective use of management, achieving the set goals, customer satisfaction etc. Innovation is a time con process but it immensely helps in expansion of consumers in the market. It is an important aspect for the growth and production(Cuellar, 2015). Under this process, new technologies are undertaken to increase profit and also to satisfy the consumer. Innovation not only helps in the betterment of consumer's live with innovative ideas and effective management. Management's mainly focuses on the consumer. They use to take feedback regarding their products. By this, they come to know whether the existing product needs any change or quality improvement etc. Effective management plays an important role inquality improving the product. Management's main aim to make effective strategies for product modification(LOPEZ, 2015). In context to social aspects, innovation supportsin forming new methods forjoint venturing alliance creation, flexible work hours, joint venturing,and creation purchasing power of buyers'. The two broad classifications of innovation are- Evolutionary innovations is also regarded as dynamicor continuous orevolutionary innovation, which brings about through various upsurge advances in processes or technology. On the other hand, revolutionary innovations which are also known as discontinuous innovations; these are frequently disruptive and new(Wiech , 2013). The types of innovation can be differentiated on the basis of 10 categories, which are: Profit model How the price of the service or product is set by the company in an innovative manner to gain profit. For instance, innovation done by Gillette with razor and blades model. Structure Innovation in the structure of the company. For instance, innovation is done in organization`s structure, such as improvement in the formal structure of the organization to make it flexible( Bougie Sekaran, 2016). Network Innovation can be done by the organization in regards to external relationships and partnerships. For instance, a collaboration of Toshiba with UPS for repairmen of Toshiba laptops. Product performance Developing a new product that comprehends new features. For instance, transparent vacuum cleaner launched by Dyson without any bag. Process Innovation in the process to carry out things in a different manner. For instance, the process of car hire was completely changed by Zip car(Baer, 2017). Product system Innovation in the product system is one of the methods of innovation. It is related with how the product of an organization connects. For instance, a group of independent developers was being used by Mozilla to create its plug-ins and Firefox. Service Innovation related with services, such as value added services or additional support to the clients or customers. For instance, free delivery of products to the customers. Channel This type of innovation is related to the way an organization grasps the market. For instance, Amazon provides a service to users for ordering and downloading Kindle book in less than two minutes. Brand Innovation in context to the brand is related to the promise made by the company. For instance, many companies make a promise that their customers will not be disappointed with the product or services(Beard, 2014). Customer Engagement Another innovation is related to the engagement of customers. For instance, the experience of clients is used to be valued and the emphasis is given on providing a pleasant experience to the clients with innovative manner. It is confirmed that an organization can pursue innovation in every single structural function for e.g. in HR, Marketing, Sales, and Operations.As a result, each and every department might have distinct innovation metrics and objectives.In short, everything can be innovated; however, it needs a creative idea and some resources. Conceivably it is more supportive to state that innovation is of two type successful and unsuccessful. Innovations related to successfulness facilitates in improvising value for the business in addition to the customers. Unsuccessful innovation does not provide value to the customers and to the business. Successful or unsuccessful innovation differs by industry, on the other hand, in general, the launch of new products majorly fails to come across their objectives. Innovation is almostplacing an approach or idea into action. Innovation can be generally described as' effective exploitation of ideas in a commercially way'. Positive innovation mainly concerns about forming oradding value. Innovation can be done through: improvising existing products, services or processes or (process innovation), or by producing new products, developing services or processes of value, which has not been in existence earlier (product innovation). Innovation can originate through many practices: Refining or changing business processes in order to upturn competence and efficiency, or to empower the business to prolong the range of existing products or services. Manufacturing a new product or developing a service may facilitate the business in meeting the requirements or demands of the consumers. Beside this, it may also facilitate in creating value to for existing services or products. Innovation also helps the business organization to compete with the competitors; as by offering an innovative product or services organization may gain competitive advantage(LOPEZ, 2015). In whatever manner innovation is carried out, it intends to a creative process. The concepts or idea for innovation can come from several ways, such as- Inside the business for e.g. from sales staff, in-house designers, employees etc. Outside the business- for e.g. media reports, customers, market research insights, suppliers, or from contacts at research organizations The successful idea for innovation derives from purifying those several ideas, classifying those ideas in such a manner that the business will lay emphasis on and smearing funds and assets to exploit them. Benefits of innovation- Innovation offers a large number of benefits for the business organizations, such as: Increase in profit margin Product differentiation Satisfying needs of consumer Markets development Personalized services Product expansion Retaining or upturn in market quota Securing a market strategic position New business prospects Rise in competitive advantage Use of economies of scale. Risks in innovation Besides the benefits, innovation also brings risk for the business, such as- Product may not be accepted by the market; Innovation requires high investments, which may be not paid back for the duration of the product lifecycle(Cuellar, 2015). While innovating a product or service, it requires excessive deliberation of resources. In case, attention is not paid to the resources then while the innovation process, then wastage of resources may occur; which is a risk for the business. When the innovation is carried out in a partnership, then there is the possibility of transfer of risk to a certain partner. Company becomes dependent particularly on the new product Innovation is not at all times what is required by the world. Many innovations are not being valued by the customers, and this resulted as insolvency of business organizations. The organizations which failed due to innovation are not recognized by the individuals, however, the successful innovations bring positive impact on business(Kaufmann Ruediger, 2014). The scarcity of innovative ideas in the business organizations is not there. As employees working in an organization have new ideas that may bring success in a particular or whole area of business. However, it is up to the management, whether to accept the innovative idea or not. Stick on an old concept in perspective to the business is not always good. As consumers need some change in the product or services, and this need of consumer can be fulfilled by offering them a new product or service(Beard, 2014). Employee`s ideas or concepts shall be considered as a suggestion, as it may help the business organization to gain success. Management shall determine a collaborative approach to make decisions regarding innovation and to move ahead from one phase to the next phase of the innovation process. This could be done by involving employees from different departments of the organization, as well as concerning the consumers. Involvement of employees are important as an innovation can also impact on the employees performance and other aspects(Baer, 2017). Therefore, in order to persist, business organizations must develop, and must innovate its processes. The role of management in context to supporting innovation should be: Providing suggestions to employees regarding innovations and helping them to assess the areas which require innovation. Hiring applicants who are creative and have potential to actually innovate(LOPEZ, 2015). Displaying flexibility in context to the allocation of resources for innovation. Showering reward to employees, who have given a best innovative idea. Innovation by the business organizations shall also be done by considering the needs and demands of the customers. As business organizations have an objective i.e. satisfying the needs of customers. For instance, by satisfying customer`s demand and needs, sales can be escalated and this in ten will facilitate in an upsurge of profit for the company. Hence while developing an innovative product or service, it is important for the business organizations to analyze the needs, preferences, and demands of the customers. The product shall be developed accordingly(Jajaee, 2012). In order to deliver value, it is important for innovators that they should consider that all new ideas or concept are not certainly good. It shall be acknowledged by the management that their clientele may be superior judges of the subsequent best thing (i.e. innovative product). For each and every organization, the meaning of innovation is different. As for an instance, the organizations which have a profit-based motive, consider innovation as a magic wand; which intensifies profitability for the business. Methodology The nature of research is qualitative. Hence, the qualitative research methodology will be followed for collection of data and analyzing the data. Universe- The universe for the research from which the sample will be taken is customers of McDonald's in Australia. Sample- Sampling is the process in which total population is divided into some manageable numbers and on which data collection technique will be applied. The number of samples for the research will be 500 customers of the McDonalds in Australia. Individuals who use to visit McDonald`s on a regular basis will be approached for the research, this will help in gathering relevant data for research. Sampling technique- There are many sampling technique that can be used to divide total population and then select sample from the same. There are simple random sampling, stratified simple sampling and many other many other. In this research, in this number of samples is going to be selected or taken by using simple random sampling technique. Regular customers of the McDonald`s will be selected on the random basis( Bougie Sekaran, 2016). Approaching this sampling technique will be supportable for the research; a number of respondents can be selected randomly without any biases. Data collection- The data will be collected through primary methods of data collection. There are a number of methods that can be approached in order to collect the data but in this research we will be using collected from survey or questionnaire. The collected data is used to be analyzed in order to reach the conclusion. Survey technique will be used to collect the data(Olsen, 2011). In the survey, a questionnaire will be prepared to gather the data from the respondent samples. The questions will be linked with the research question, so that objective of the research could be accomplished. The data collected through the survey will be asserted in order to get relevant information which can be analyzed through data analysis procedure. In questionnaire, both closed ended and open ended questions will be asked in questionnaire. Data analysis- Collected data will be analyzed through statistical measures. The data will be collected in descriptive form; however, there will be some figures that could be analyzed through applying statistical techniques( Wetcher, 2011). This technique will be approached, as statistical analysis provides better results when a number of sample respondents are more. Organization of the study, project budget, and schedule Organisation of study The research will be organized in the manner stated below- The chapter first- It is related to the introduction of research. Chapter second- It will provide a detail information about the research problem. Chapter third- It figures out the objectives, aims and the questions of the research. Chapter fourth- It includes the justification for the research, besides the potential outcomes of research. Chapter fifth- It includes the conceptual framework for research i.e. literature review Chapter seventh- It comprehends research methodology which includes sampling technique, data collection method, and data analysis. Project budget In this section of undertaken research on McDonalds, cost estimates will be made. In every research activity there is some cost or expenses are involved and all of these cost or expenses come under the ambit of project budget. The cost which will incur on the research is stated below: S. No. Activities Cost (AUS$) Expenses Justification 1 Conceptual framework $ 500 Expenses will incur on finding literature relevant for the research. 2 Preparation of Questionnaire for survey $ 800 To gather data, questionnaire will be prepared with the help of an expert. An amount of $800 will be incurred on paying the fees to the expert for his or her service retendered in designing questionnaire. 3 Analysis of data $ 1600 The collected data will be analyzed through the statistical measure, and this analysis will be made by a statistical expert. In order to get the services of the statistical expert, $1600 will be incurred. Total budget for the research $ 2900 The total cost for the research is an estimation which may vary from the cost that will incur in real to complete the research. Overall cost that is required to be incurred on the research is $ 2900. Project schedule Activities Initial date of Activity Activity will be competed on Total duration for achievement of activities Detailed Problem Statement 09/01/2017 09/04/ 2017 4 days Research aim, objective and question 5 September 2017 7 September 2017 3 days Project Justification 8 September 2017 9 September 2017 2 days Potential outcome of research 10 September, 2017 14 September, 2017 5 days Conceptual Framework/Literature review 15 September 2017 22 September 2017 8 days Research Methodology 23 September 2017 26 September 2017 4 days Total days took to complete the activities - - 26 days Gantt chart References Boeije, H. R. (2009). Analysis in Qualitative Research. SAGE Publications. Bougie, ., Sekaran, U. (2016). Research Methods For Business: A Skill Building Approach. Wiley. Engel, U., Jann, B., Lynn, . (2014). Improving Survey Methods: Lessons from Recent Research. Routledge. . Fowler, F. J. (2009). Survey Research Methods. SAGE. Israel, D. (2009). Data Analysis in Business Research. SAGE Publications. Kuada, J. (2012). Research Methodology. Samfundslitteratur. Leavy, P. (2017). Research Design. Guilford Publications. Marsden, P., Wright, . (2010). Handbook of Survey Research. Emerald Group Publishing. Saris, W., Gallhofer, . (2014). Design, Evaluation, and Analysis of Questionnaires for Survey Research. John Wiley Sons. Troidl, H., Spitzer, ., McPeek, . (2012). Principles and Practice of Research. Springer Science Business Media. Wetcher, D. (2011). Analyzing Quantitative Data. John Wiley Sons. Baer, S. (2017, 1 16). The 3 Types of Innovation: Product, Process, Business Model. Retrieved from www.differential.com: https://differential.com/insights/the3typesofinnovation/ Banfield, T. (2014). Why Customer Satisfaction is Important (and How to Focus on It). Retrieved from https://www.surveymonkey.com/blog/2015/02/06/customer-satisfaction-important-focus/ Beard, R. (2014). Why Customer Satisfaction Is Important (6 Reasons). Retrieved from https://blog.clientheartbeat.com/why-customer-satisfaction-is-important/ Bocarnea, C, M. (2012). Online Instruments, Data Collection, and Electronic Measurements. IGI Global. Cuellar, J. (2015, 11 19). What Are the Advantages and Risks of Product Innovation. Retrieved from www.blog.innocellence.com: https://blog.innocellence.com/2015/11/19/what-are-the-advantages-and-risks-of-product-innovation-and-how-can-a-digital-innovation-consultant-help/ Jajaee, S. M. (2012). Service Quality, Customer Satisfaction and Loyalty. Lap Lambert Academic Publishing GmbH KG. Kaufmann, Ruediger, H. (2014). Handbook of Research on Managing and Influencing Consumer Behavior. IGI Global. LOPEZ, J. (2015, 6 29). Types of Innovation. Retrieved from www.techblog.constantcontact.com: https://techblog.constantcontact.com/software-development/types-of-innovation/ Nielson, J. (2013, 10 10). The Four Types of Innovation and The Strategic Choices Each One Represents. Retrieved from www.theinnovativemanager.com: https://www.theinnovativemanager.com/the-four-types-of-innovation-and-the-strategic-choices-each-one-represents/ Oliver. (2008, 5 11). Risks of innovations. Retrieved from www.eddielogic.com: https://www.eddielogic.com/2008/05/11/risks-of-innovations/ Olsen, W. (2011). Data Collection. SAGE. Shukla, A. (2017, 7 2). What is Innovation? Why Innovation is important? Retrieved from www.paggu.com: https://www.paggu.com/getting-into-roots/what-is-innovation-why-innovation-is-important/ Wiech , D. (2013, 9 20). BYOD All About Benefits and Risks. Retrieved from insights.wired.com: https://insights.wired.com/profiles/blogs/bring-your-own-device-benefits-and-risks#axzz4tmKG32lb

Capital Punishment Essays (445 words) - Penology, Capital Punishment

Capital Punishment I strongly feel that capital punishment is essential in our legal system, as well as everyday life. Just as a toddler needs to be disciplined when he or she has a tantrum, a murderer needs to be punished for his or her actions. The death penalty solves many problems. It is a threat to any conspiring criminal-murderer. It promises the inescapable condition. It frees up jail space and cuts money spent on the inmate. The death penalty is also the closest thing to justice for the family and friends of the victim. If nothing else, capital punishment scares women and men of committing a serious crime that might put them on death row. If an individual knew he or she would definitely be put on death row, the individual might decide not to commit the crime. Although prison is made out to be a scary place, it could never repulse someone more than frying in the chair, dying of poison injection, or hanging. Why allow any vicious murderer the chance to escape prison and harm another person? People put an animal down once it has imperiled a human's life or safety. If humans are so concerned with their well being they ought to be guaranteed the same sanctuary from killers. Prisons, for the most part, are inescapable. But what if, the man that hunted you down, kidnapped you, and killed your friend, was the one of the few who successfully escaped from jail? One life was already taken; your life should not have to be lived in fear. Serial killers such as the Hillside Strangler prove that they need to kill and would do it again if given the chance. They by no means deserve to get that chance, or even a chance to dream about it. They have killed many and do not have a right to live. Killing the monsters that have already killed others gives the legal system spare money to spend on more important things. I find no logical reason why the government should spend money to feed, cloth, house, and entertain the murderers, when they could use the extra dollars to council, reprimand, and treat petty criminals to prevent more severe crimes in the future. Capital punishment brings closure to a victim's family and friends. No one can bring back a victim, but his or her life can be put to rest if justice is done, and his or her killer is also killed. As said in the video, an inmate can be visited by family, can receive phone calls, and can think, sing, and write. The victim no longer has a breathe in life, a song to sing, or poem to write, his or her family can only visit at the cemetery. I believe that when a person commits murderer he or she is no longer worthy of life.

Marriage Family Therapy

Marriage Family Therapy Abstract Bowen developed a family therapy theory to facilitate the solving of family disputes that were frequently arising. To accomplish his goal, he used his model to intervene a minor problem that had occurred in his own extended family.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Marriage Family Therapy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As a result, it worked so well, giving a positive outcome. This he says was a significant break through for his model implementation. He dedicated his life to family therapy and, as a result, developed this theory that was named after him. Furthermore, has been cited as an excellent theoretical idea ever produced in family therapy. Introduction The individuals who first discovered the concept of family therapy acknowledged that existing social and cultural influences contour ones morals about themselves and their families. Bowen, however, was the first to discover that a familyâ€⠄¢s history plays a vital role in determining an individual’s thoughts and principles. Most importantly it facilitated the continuous flow of these thought and principles to the coming generations. Bowen was born in a large and cohesive family where he was the last child. He studied medicine and became a medical doctor by profession. Later on he seized from pursuing dyads and started pursuing triads. He attended a conference that had been convened by one of his students from where he explained his theory. He used his family as a case study in explaining the theory in relation to development and function of a family. It is evident that Bowen’s theory focuses on mutualism and individuality. History of Theory Titelman, (1998) portrays that, in the early years, the occurrence of family disputes triggered the invention of solving techniques. Thus, family therapy is identified to have originated in the 19th century in the United States and England. In the 1950s, some clinici ans started observing and providing therapy to family members through a movement called child guidance and marriage counseling. As a result, these clinicians came up with ideas about theories that relate to the family and depicted that a family is not only about an individual’s perception (Titelman, 1998).Advertising Looking for research paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Gladding, (2002), states that Bowen Murray was born in Tennessee in 1913 and passed on in 1990. In late 1940s, he involved mothers in the treatment and study of patients suffering from schizophrenic at Menninger clinic. In 1954 after moving to the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) he shifted his focus from individuals to the family aspect. At NIMH, he involved more members of the family in psychotherapy and research of patients suffering from schizophrenic (Gladding, 2002). Blume (2006) reveals that he founded Georg etown family center in 1959 when he moved to Georgetown University. Most importantly his theory was transformed to emotional tribulations that were less severe. He conducted a detailed research between 1959 and 1962 which involved families in diverse age groups. Bowen’s first orderly presentation was published in 1966, and it highlighted his developing ideas. Most significant is the fact that he used his concepts to intervene an emotional crisis in his family, this yielded positive results (Blume, 2006). Philosophical Underpinnings Triangles Rasheed, Marley and Rasheed, (2010) illustrate that this is a family system that has got a three-person relationship; hence, this can consist of a child, father and mother. Furthermore, it is perceived to be more firm and as the foundation of a vast emotional system that can hold tension devoid of outside interference (Rasheed, Marley and Rasheed, 2010). Differential of self Bowen (1978) depicts that â€Å"Self† is in born but the amount of it developed by an individual in to the family relationship is determined during adolescent and childhood. Hence, if an individual develops less â€Å"self†, he ends up having a superior influence in the family. It is noteworthy that such an individual controls the performance of other family members (Bowen, 1978). Nuclear emotional systems Rassool and Gafoor (1997) depicts that this identifies core issues that govern the on set of family disputes. One issue is the marital conflict whereby it has been noted that an increase in tension results to more anxiety among spouses, thus they are required to drop the anxiety and focus more on the problem without dictating to one another.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Marriage Family Therapy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Another issue identified was the dysfunction in one spouse, which majored on, the dictation by one spouse that might lead to s elf control by the other spouse incase of tension. Impairment of one child is a core issue that was identified whereby the parents focus on one child positively or negatively. Hence, the child becomes more reactive to such attention resulting to his disintegration from the other children. A core issue also discovered was the emotional distance where one family member decides to reduce the family relationship intensity by distancing themselves (Rassool and Gafoor, 1997). Family projection According to Falicov, (1991) this illustrates the idea of parents passing on their emotional tribulations to the children and, as a result, prejudice the performance of the child leading to disputes in the family. Multigenerational transmission process Cottrell and Boston (2002) give a picture in which a family’s emotional progression is passed on and upheld over several generations. Thus, the onsets of troubles are generation related. Emotional cut off Reiger (1981) discloses that those indi viduals who have emotional disputes with family members and end up solving these disputes by cutting off emotional contact with them. Sibling positions Skynner*, (1980) divulges that individuals that are raised in similar sibling position most likely have identical characteristics. Hence, elder children settle in the direction of leadership while the young ones have a preference to be followers. Societal emotional process Kog, Vandereycken, and Vertommen (1985) make known that this procedure depicts how emotional system presides over the conduct in any society, encouraging both advancement and suppressive interlude.Advertising Looking for research paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More History of Founder Bowen Murray was born in 1913 in Tennessee and was the oldest of five children. In 1934, he attained his Bachelor of Science degree and later a master’s degree in 1937 at the university of Tennessee medical school. He served in the army from where he changed to psychiatry from surgery (Herbert, Castronova, McNeil, and Mossman, 2000). While at National Institute of Mental Health he started to build up his theory, this was in 1954 to 1959. He then moved to Georgetown University where he founded Georgetown family center in 1959. He remained focused and dedicated to family therapy, as a result, producing one of the purest theoretical ideas. In 1978 to 1982, he became the first president of the American family therapy association. He later succumbs to cancer in 1990 (Herbert et al., 2000). Assumptions Boss, Doherty and LaRoss (2008) highlighted that, one of the assumptions of family therapy is that, family relationships are the primary cause of psychological wel l being and psychopathology for people. This means that in order to understand individuals conduct, his relationship with the family should be put in to consideration. Another assumption depicts that family communication models have a tendency to recur across generations. According to Boss et al., (2008), the third assumption stated that Family health entails equilibrium of correlation and individuation. This illustrates that for a family to have a healthy relationship there must be freedom of conduct and togetherness amongst its members. It further states that the triad is the least component for the multifaceted understanding of family relations (Boss et al., 2008). Role of Therapist According to Pernice-Duca, (2010), the role of the therapist is to get involved with problem solving without getting emotionally attached to the family. Furthermore, a therapist is supposed to remain neutral to any issues that come up. Thus, the family will realize it is an emotional system. Bowen inc ulcates the therapists to avoid a situation where a family desperately needs their help, but rather they should make them accept the responsibility to work towards their own change. Bowen cautions therapists against placing themselves in the meditative role, in a family triangle, (Pernice-Duca, 2010). Techniques/Interventions Bentovim, (1979) discloses that, Bowen never considered â€Å"therapeutic bag of tricks†. A Boweian therapist needed to construction a family genogram and questions. The therapist needs to motivate the family members to enlighten themselves with the history of the family. Furthermore, activities like visiting or writing letters to distant family members are encouraged. Some interventions involved in Bowen family therapy theory according to Elizur, (1990) include the following: Joining This is the process of connection between the family and the therapist resulting into a beneficial system. Similarly, it involves trailing, mimesis and substantiation. Refr aming This involves altering a concept by illustrating from a diverse perspective, as a result, altering the meaning but not the fact. Enactment Family members presenting difficult behavioral progression in to the therapy session Working with impulsive interaction Therapists identify the dynamics and series of conducts during therapy sessions and thus deliberate on the course, not the issue. Restructuring This constitutes the alteration of the family structure, for example, rising up against dictatorial behavior of the father. Conclusion Bowen’s theory gives attention to the arrangement and functioning of the emotional system. Furthermore, it involves sessions between individuals and the actions of â€Å"self† in the system. This theory insists on use of outlying factors to solve the current problem. As a result, a solution is achieved within a short time. Devoid of current, noteworthy socio-political accompaniments, this theory decontextualises affiliation models that are strongly conversant with gender, class and ethnicity. Bowen’s theory has been evident to produce positive outcomes everywhere it has been implemented. It is outstanding in the fact that it makes the therapists experience its roles in their own families of origin before acknowledging its practical application. References Bentovim, A. (1979), Theories of family interaction and techniques of intervention. Journal of Family Therapy, 1: 321 Blume, T. (2006). Becoming a family counselor: a bridge to family therapy theory and practice. New Jersey. John Wiley publishers Boss, P. Doherty, W and LaRoss, R. (2008). Sourcebook of Family Theories and Methods: A Contextual Approach. New York. Springer Science + Business media. Bowen, M. (1978). Family therapy in clinical practice. Michigan. Jason Aronson. Cottrell, D. and Boston, P. (2002), Practitioner Review: The effectiveness of systemic family therapy for children and adolescents. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 43: 57 3–586. Elizur, J. (1990), ‘Stuckness’ in live supervision: Expanding the therapists style. Journal of Family Therapy, 12: 267–280 Falicov, C. (1991).Family Transitions: Continuity and Change over the Life Cycle. New York. Guilford Press Gladding, S. (2002). Family therapy: history, theory, and practice. Michigan. Merrill Herbert, M, Castronova, F, McNeil, B and Mossman, J. (2000). Biography and Genealogy Master Index 2000: A Consolidated Index to More Than 300,000 Biographical Sketches in 90 Current and Retrospective Biographical Dictionaries. Michigan. Gale group Kog, E., Vandereycken, W. and Vertommen, H. (1985), the psychosomatic family model. A critical analysis of family interaction concepts. Journal of Family  Therapy, 7: 31–44. Pernice-Duca, F. (2010), Family Network Support and Mental Health Recovery. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 36: 13–27. Rasheed, J, Marley, J and Rasheed, M. (2010). Family Therapy: Models and Techniques . California. SAGE. Rassool, H and Gafoor, M. (1997). Addiction nursing: perspectives on professional and clinical practice. London. Nelson Thornes. Reiger, K. (1981), Family therapys missing question, why the plight of the modern family? Journal of Family Therapy, 3: 293–308. Skynner, A. C. R. (1980), Recent developments in marital therapy. Journal of Family Therapy, 2: 271–296. Titelman, P. (1998). Clinical applications of Bowen family systems theory. New York. Routledge

The financial performance of Marks and Spencer Assignment - 1

The financial performance of Marks and Spencer - Assignment Example etail outlets also sell mid to high priced apparel, food, and household items under the companys private label brands, including Autograph, Classic, per una, and Portfolio. The British retail icon operates in about 330 M&S department stores and some 340 Simply Food shops throughout the UK. Beyond Britain, it spreads across over 325 locations, mostly franchises, in about 40 countries, including China, India, Indonesia, and South Korea (Google Finance n.d.). The company recorded revenues of  £9,536.6 million ($15,272.9 million) during the financial year ended April 2010 (FY2010), an increase of 5.2% over 2009 (JP Morgan 2011). Past financial performance of the firm or an organization is an important indicator for predict or estimate the future of the company. Investors and shareholders measure and value this financial performance (amongst other factors) as a means to assess the expected returns on their investments (Alvarado 2011). Calculation of a number of financial ratios for the firm’s financial statements is considered a fairly safe way to evaluate the firm’s past performance, its evolution and key financial issues. The analyses are very valuable for firm’s management as well in order to identify opportunities to improve performance at the department, unit, division or organizational level. In some cases, ratio analyses can predict future bankruptcy (Loth 2011). Reading and understanding financial ratios is also the quickest method to assess the company’s operating performance. In order to understand the company well from financial statements, we need to conduct analyses at three levels: (1) Profitability analyses to see if the company is profitable or not, whether the company is a growing company or a stagnant one. (2) Financial Health analyses from ratios that indicate whether the company is sound or not and what is its presence state of solvency. (3) Finally, company specificities will be explored in terms of key growth drivers and competitive

Can School Vouchers and School Choice Successfully Coexist Research Paper

Can School Vouchers and School Choice Successfully Coexist - Research Paper Example Charter schools are different from school vouchers. Charter schools are subsidized by the government. The government can revoke the charter and halt funding at any time. Voucher programs date back to the early 1900s in Vermont and Maine. The two states wanted to ensure that every child had access to schools, at a time when some children were not located in a school district (CNN). It is only in the 1990s that other localities and states adopted voucher programs and sparked debate (Brown, B. 2002, 287-300). The issues presented by school vouchers have polarized Americans. Many are for vouchers, and many are against vouchers. Few are left in the middle. Proponents of school vouchers make their main case the condition of failing, inner-city schools. Varying in different programs, vouchers are offered to failing students in urban schools. The students have a choice to enrol in another public school or private school. Supporters argue that a majority of voucher recipients are poor minorities. Therefore, these poor, neglected students have a new chance in a school outside the district. In addition to providing better education to these failing students, the push for school integration is renewed (Coulson). Since school integration became the law of the land in 1954, white families have flocked to the suburbs, resulting in separation of the upper classes and lower classes (Epple, D., and Romano, R. 2003). Opponents dispute that this totally undermines public education. Learning by People for the American Way (PFAW) cites that the voucher costs drain money from public schools. This has unenthusiastic effects in its place of keeping the money inside the school budget.  

Impact of Culture on Marketing

Impact of Culture on Marketing The impact of culture on how the products or services might be marketed in various regions around the world. Nandos is a multi-national food chain restaurant with thousands of restaurants across the globe. Nandos are a South-African food chain that has expanded globally over the last 15 years. The Impact of culture on how this food product/service has been viewed in various countries around the world had originally had a negative effect when Nandos first tried to expand to different countries. When expanding a business globally one of the main objectives to making an impact on the market is to take into consideration that countries culture. This is what Nandos failed to do and hence cost the in terms of how fast the company expanded. It has rigidly and excessively stuck to its corporate culture exhibited in South Africa. It failed to note that South Africans national culture is not the same thing as what applies in countries in European and Asian states . (Cross Cultural Management Report On Nandos Cultural Studies Essay) A time when Nandos did adjust their product or service to have an impact on a particular culture was when they collectively targeted people in Saudi Arabia during Ramadan. The company knows that during the month Ramadan takes place, Muslim people do not eat during sunlight as it is part of there religious beliefs. Nandos open there restaurants right up to midnight to offer a better service to the customers as they feast at sundown. This years Ramadan will run from Friday 26th of May till Saturday 24th June. With Social media being at the forefront of communicating today that is where Nandos do most of their advertising as it costs less than any other source of advertisement. The problem with this is when Nandos releases and ad online it must cater for all the different cultures of the countries in which they have restaurants in and countries they wish to expand to. They must not cause worldwide unrest. A time when the food chain did cause a huge global cultural problem was on March 26th 2016 when the released a paper print advertisement that was in the English Daily newspaper. The print read: We dont mind if you touch our buns, or breasts, or even our thighs. Whatever youre into, enjoying any Nandos meal with your hands is always recommended, read the advertisement. The headline read: Try something you can grab with both hands. Source: (NandoS Cheeky Print Ad Stirs Up Trouble; Ends In Public Apology) This little piece of advertisement placed in an English newspaper grabbed headlines in India it was that controversial. The topic was covered by the indianexpress.com Nandos received severe backlash from people on social media as many people viewed this as being sexist towards women. This resulted in Nandos issuing an apology to its followers. Source: (NandoS Cheeky Print Ad Stirs Up Trouble; Ends In Public Apology) This is just one cultural issue that Nandos got wrong when marketing not only in the UK but globally that had a negative effect on customers. This shines the company negatively that will see customers and potential customers boycott the brand thus, delays the company from growing and building cultural relationships with countries. The Impact of culture on how an organisation might be managed from a HR perspective. When an organization is growing internationally, culture must be instilled within the core of an organization. Culture is a huge part of business, especially big international companies as it is tough to take all the determinants of culture into account of a whole country, youve got to make sure you are not insulting anyone and all the barriers have been successfully resolved.The norms of culture are: religion, political economic philosophies, education, language and social structure. The norms and values of culture evolve overtime.It is vital a manger tells their employees what these values and norms are so that they can carry out their duties how the mangers want the company to be seen by its customers. The Nando s management in the South African headquarter had given no room for the management of its firms in other countries to operate freely this has given them no room for innovative strategic marketing planning in observance to the environment in which they operate in . The national culture of South Africa has greatly influenced the corporate culture of the Nandos organization and it thus constituted a negative impact when its adherence and transfer to other national culture that is not compatible , led to the unprofitable business operations in these countries . (Cross Cultural Management Report On Nandos Cultural Studies Essay) The impact of culture on issues such as negotiations with local suppliers and agents. Nandos are a company that basis themselves on serving their customers with fresh never frozen chicken but this has come under scrutiny. Nandos came under fire in 2013 when a Daily Mail reporter wrote an article describing the whole story about why Nandos chicken isnt as wholesome as you think (Daily Mail, 2013). They suggested that Faccenda, one of Nandos main chicken suppliers, kept the chickens in poor conditions, (NandoS Ethical Practice And How It Could Be Improved) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦these birds will have been bred in hangar-like sheds, never setting foot outdoors in the six weeks it takes them to reach their genetically engineered slaughter weight. (Daily Mail, 2013). If this was through it would have a knock on effect when the company went to negotiate with other suppliers and would maybe cause customers to go elsewhere for natural fresh chicken. For example Nandos main fresh chicken suppliers (uk) as posted on their website are: Cargill, Moy Park, Faccenda, Freemans of Newent and 2sisters. The other suppliers of the fresh chicken may boycott the company as they dont want to be labelled with suppliers such as Faccenda as it could have repercussions on their trade in the future. This could leave Nandos with suppliers cancelling their trade agreements. Another impact this could have with negotiations with local suppliers and agents is with this article being released the other suppliers may demand more money as they are supplying fully fresh chicken compared to Faccenda suppliers. Nandos also came under scrutiny in 2014 when the guardian released an article questioning how ethical Nandos is. Recently the Enthoven family, who owns Nandos, has been found to have a secretive offshore  £750m trust located in a Channel Islands. This offshore trust means that family can avoid UK inheritance tax on all their fortune (The Guardian, 2014). However the restaurant group pointed out that they paid  £12.6m in UK corporation tax last year. This also could have had an impact on Nandos when they want to expand in the UK in terms of taxes and the relationship with the government. Suggestions       Nandos actions on social media is one of the main areas that needs to be adjusted in order to entice more people to eat in their restaurants. Social media connects everyone around the world. People of all cultures so Nandos must be careful want content/ads they release online as it could be seen as funny by one nation and disrespectful by another. Nandos is known for releasing these controversial adverts around the world. From my findings this is the main area the company needs to adjust or rethink. Whoever looks after the social media on behalf of Nandos make sure they have the necessary training it takes to operate these profiles. From my findings another area I havent mentioned a lot is the Nandos menu. It is almost the same all across the world. 90% of the menu is the same as it is here in Ireland. I think a good idea would be to introduce more types of food options on menus in countries based on the culture of the country that Nandos operate in. For example: India already has 5 restaurants, with Nandos planning on expanding their. Integrate Indian delicacies to the menu to cater for that country to try entice more of the locals that are not fans of the Portuguese food Nandos serve. Bibliography: Leigh, David, James Ball, and Leila Haddou. Nandos Using Secretive Tax Haven Trust To Avoid Inheritance Tax Bills. the Guardian. N.p., 2017. Web. 10 Mar. 2017. NandoS Ethical Practice And How It Could Be Improved. rmtheory2practice. N.p., 2017. Web. 10 Mar. 2017. NandoS Cheeky Print Ad Stirs Up Trouble; Ends In Public Apology. The Indian Express. N.p., 2017. Web. 3 Mar. 2017. Cross Cultural Management Report On Nandos Cultural Studies Essay. UKEssays. N.p., 2017. Web. 3 Mar. 2017.

Free Hamlet Essays: Hamlet Father and Son :: GCSE Coursework Shakespeare Hamlet

Hamlet: Comparing Father and Son The play, Hamlet, by William Shakespeare, Hamlet was a man that looked up to his father throughout his life, during and after his father's death. The younger Hamlet tried to follow in his father's footsteps, but as much as they were alike, they were very much different. The man named Hamlet had a son named Hamlet and after everything was over, that is one of the few things that they had in common. King Hamlet and Hamlet compare in that they are both upset by the Queen’s marriage, they both hate Claudius, they are both brave, and they are both dead by the end of the play. They contrast in that while Hamlet’s father was king, Hamlet will never have the kingship, Hamlet does not leave a legacy and they die differently. Hamlet looked up to his father because he felt that he was a great leader and the bravest man that he knew, as Hamlet mentioned, "so excellent a king† (I. ii.149). He wanted to be so much like him, but couldn't because of a couple of barriers that he had to deal with. He became a lot like his father in the end. Hamlet was very disappointed with his life because he knew that becoming king was one thing that he didn't have in common with his father, because his stepfather was king, â€Å"married with my uncle, my father's brother" (I. ii. 151-2). Hamlet was very upset by his mother's marriage, and as he learns later, his father was as well, "It is not nor it cannot come to good: But break, my heart; for I must hold my tongue" (I. ii. 157-8). The ghost of Hamlet's father advises his own opinion, "Let not the royal bed of Denmark be A couch for luxury and damned incest" (I. v. 82-3). They both shared the hatred towards Claudius, the King and the wife of Hamlet's mother and his father's widow. Hamlet expresses his hatred in I. v. 106, 108-9, "O villain, villain†¦That one may smile†¦and be a villain; At least I am sure it may be so in Denmark.† The ghost gives his hatred in I. v. 38-9, 42, "The serpent that did sting thy father's life Now wears his crown. Ay, that incestuous, that adulterate beast.† Hamlet does become as brave as his father when he kills the king, his stepfather, when the plot of the king to kill Hamlet goes wrong, and the Queen drinks the poisoned drink herself.