Mental Patterns Of Substance Abuse - 991 Words

Drugrehab.org - How To Change Mental Patterns Of Substance Abuse? People with an addiction often struggle to break free because they treat only the physical element. The mental patterns that influence substance abuse must be changed if any addiction treatment to be successful. Understanding these patterns, and how to break them, can help you create a life free of addiction and its harmful consequences. The Mental Patterns Of Substance Abuse Our mental processes often work in patterns of repeated behaviors, patterns that are formed when we behave in specific ways for extended periods of time. They differ from our instinctual behaviors in that they are â€Å"learned† behaviors, or ones that we develop as we change and grow as human beings.†¦show more content†¦The relaxing effect that many smokers feel is actually caused by a decrease in withdrawal symptoms. The body, which feels pain and anxiety without its addictive substance, feels more at ease when the substance is added. However, the idea that smoking actually relaxes nerves and the mind is a damaging cognitive error, one that causes many people to turn to tobacco as a calming influence in their lives. Common Cognitive Errors Irrational cognitive errors are common in the lives of all of us and are especially common in people who suffer from addiction. Some of the most common cognitive errors that contribute to addiction include: All-or-nothing – essentially, black and white thinking, such as â€Å"I always feel better after drinking† or â€Å"I never experience anxiety after doing heroin† Minimization – playing down the damaging effects of addiction, such as â€Å"at least I m not living in a crack house† or â€Å"I don t drink every day, just Friday through Sunday!† â€Å"Should† statements – creating expectations and rules for yourself that are difficult, such as â€Å"I should be able to quit drinking in a week† or â€Å"I ought to be able to quit cocaine cold turkey† Labeling – letting your addiction create an identity that you can t escape, such as â€Å"I m just an alcoholic and that s that† or creating labels for people who are trying to help you quit and creating a â€Å"me versus them† mentality

A Historical Movie Need Not Be 100% True Essay - 706 Words

Advanced information technology is widely used in the millennium age. History is can be reprinted, re-edited and re-presented (Chan, 2013). Relatively, history can be shown in a more realistic way than before. Audience can spend few hours to have a brief understanding of history. However, I think the motivation of making historical movie is not merely for education but consists of other reasons. Seediq Bale will be taken as an example for elaboration. Firstly, the movie is a review of modern value. There is a comparison between civilized (Japanese) and uncivilized (Indigenous people). Modern education tells me civilization is an indispensible element for human evolution. It is a symbol of superiority. Indigenous people who are illiterate†¦show more content†¦It depreciates indigenous people. Indigenous people cannot receive fair treatment even they are better than Japanese. Indigenous women are not respected. They need to drink with Japanese. Government does not help them wh en they are raped. Money is not need in the world of indigenous people but civilization introduces money which makes indigenous people become the poor as they do not have money originally. Civilization introduces development so that the home of indigenous people is mined. Their resources are deprived. Civilization introduces secularization so that traditions and customs are prohibited. Their belief is not respected (Wei, 2011). These are different with my understanding of civilization which is contributive and inclusive. In addition, Mona Rudo mentioned he had visited Japan. Japanese deliberately arrange him to have dinner with his enemies to make the atmosphere nervous. He keeps kind to Japanese when there is conflicts between Japanese and indigenous people. But Japanese never say thank you to him. Conversely, Japanese always threat him (Wei, 2011). This reflects Japanese civilization does not respect indigenous people. It also consists of conspiracy. Things shown from the movie ar e very realistic. We are easy to misunderstand that these are 100% true. Usually, there is a difference between projection and reality. In Seediq Bale, Mona Rudo is a hero. His image is positive. In reality, he had cooperated with Japanese. HeShow MoreRelatedEssay on Romance Movies and Real Life Relationships1249 Words   |  5 Pagesbetween two main characters as they experience the highs and lows of love. â€Å"Common themes that revolve around romantic movies are kissing, love at first sight, tragic love, destructive love, and sentimental love† (Taylor). These themes appear in many historical films and the pattern still continues in modern films as well. Watching romantic movies has a giant negative influence on the viewers analysis of what love and relationships should really be like. These films give the wrong impression of realityRead MoreJohn Franklin D. Roosevelt s The Pearl Harbor Address Essay1542 Words   |  7 Pagesinto action or change attitudes. 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Impact of HRM Practices on Employees Efficacy and Engagement

Question: Describe about the Impact of HRM Practices on Employees for Efficacy and Engagement? Answer: Introduction Human resource management for the travel and tourism it is an integrated part of the HRM. The definition is that it is a process of recruit and develop the employee. For that case, this process is valuable for the organization. In the human resource management also focused on the recruitment process, planning, salaries; etc. English Riviera Tourism Company is the best travel company in UK. As the HR in this travel company it the responsibility for employee selection process. HR also focused on the industrial relation. HR management is a management process (Purce, 2014). Every travel and tourism company has an HR for management the process in the company. HR maintains the training and development process and maintains the recruitment process. The tourism activity on which the study is based on is Sporting Interests. Recruitment Selection For difficulties in the management, some problems arise in the recruitment process related to the sporting interest. Most manager of the company not maintains the actual process of the selection. For that case, the wrong person can be recruited by the company (Breaugh, 2014, July). For preventing this kind of problem, the company recruits HR for management the company policies. Method of Recruitment and Selection When arises vacancy in the company then manager take a step towards the recruitment process. Management decides some criteria for the employee. This process also handles by the company HR. HR tries to maintain the following criteria (Hotter et al. 2013) that a person may have an interest in sporting they got the first opportunity. That is- Position of the company should be needed. The position is for the sporting person who likes adventure. Position in the company is either permanent or temporary. Mention the responsibilities of the work. Also mention the duty of the work and days per week. Tell for the reporting structure and which person should be reported. Mention the skill and knowledge should be required. Also mention the experience. Mention the support needed for this position. Also mention the job description, responsibility of the job. Who applied for this job they also mention the personal specification, skill and experiences. Skill should depend on the sporting interest. Advertising for the position This part is for advertising and marketing for the vacancy of the company. The company should be careful for the position and company want a right person for least cost. The company also attracts the person by the advertisement. The company was also telling the person about the labour market and condition of the labour market. In the advertisement should be based on the sporting person only. This is the essential things for understand by the person. In the advertising, many methods is used that is- Advertising internally. Centre of the job. Recruitment by the agencies. Consultants. Advertise in a newspaper. In professional magazine. On the internet. The recruitment process in school and colleges. Advertisement should be attracted and presented of the design. Advertisement should presented as an attractive way. For that reason person should be attracted. Advertisement should be displayed in the newspaper also on the internet. The company also give the advertisement in the website and the person should be attracted by the designed advertisement. Forms of application The application form is another part of the selection and recruitment process. This should be followed some process. That is- The request of the information should be in the same format. This is important for the comparison one person to another person. Through the application form company chose the perfect person for the interview. They also mention which they provide the basis for the shift (Riley, 2014). They also identify the perfect person for based on the application form. They also select the person through the writing of the application and presentation of the job. The company also selects the person for based on the qualification, skills and throughout the experience. The HR department also chooses the person based on the application form. They overview the application form, and they select the person for the interview. In the application, the method also has some difficulties. That is- One application form is not used for another job. The application form is not enough for the judge the person (Mello, 2014). Selection Method There are many different kinds of the method available in the company for the selection procedure. Arrange the interview, arrange test, presentation, which role should be playing in the company and also maintain the team exercises (Martin-Rojas, Garcia-Morales and Mihi-Ramirez, 2014). Interview preparation The manager of the company must be sure about the legal right of the person who want to work in the UK travel company. The company also check the candidate residency proof also check the various evidence. Plan the interview question that naturally ask by candidate Also avoid some question carefully (Gunnigle, 2013). Clear the candidate specification the area of the job. Conducting the interview In interview should maintain the silence and no interruption. Provide the candidate working environment and view them the working culture. Show the candidate about the accommodation and also mention the adjustment. Select the right person Write the notes after the interview Call the entire candidate and give them the opportunity for an interview. The method of selection is that scoring system that is based on the interview. After complete the interview process informs the successful candidate. Send the offer letter to the successful candidate and tell them for accepting the offer letter. Offer letter accepted by the candidate after that inform the unsuccessful candidate Give the unsuccessful candidate positive feedback. Reference Reference is given by the existing candidate or employees. It is the legal procedure in the company. Reference should be the previous office employee and for the freshers candidate reference should be the professor of the college. From the reference, the company must be sure about the person. Forms and letter The company provides the candidate different application forms for knowing the skill of the student and this form provide by the senior manager. Provide the cover letter about the description of the company and also mention the contract information (Lengnick-Hall et al. 2011). The company provides all the form through the selection process to recruitment to the candidate. Manager guide and procedure In the company also mention the management guide and procedure of the company and give the idea to the candidate about the procedure. Training and Development Recruiting the most talented and experienced candidates is not enough until the candidates have clear idea about the roles and responsibilities adequately. Training and Development is specialized HRM activity that not only helps the organizations to provide clear idea about the job roles, but also to enhance the competency level and productivity of the employees (Agarwal and Kapoor(Kohli), 2013). There are two fundamental methods of training and development that are on-the-job methods and off-the job methods. On-the-job training methods are the methods, where the employees are trained, while they are working. Off-the-job methods are the methods, where the employees are trained outside the organizations (Berman, 2015). The outside trainings are usually given towards the activities regarding sporting interest such as fishing, golfing etc. The management of English Riviera Tourism has been following both training and development methods largely for the activities regarding sporting interest such as fishing. Almost all the methods are proven effective for the company, but there are certain limitations too. The current study will recommend various strategies to minimize such limitations in order to enhance the effectiveness of the training and development methods of English Riviera Tourism (Bhurtel, 2015). Under on-the-job training, the management of English Riviera Tourism has appointed various supervisors or training assistants to help the new recruitments to understand the job roles and responsibilities, especially in terms of the activities regarding sporting interest. These supervisors have the potential to become active managers in the future. The management is rotating the new employees to various different departments in order to help them understand the overall goals and objectives of the organization in terms of the activities regarding sporting interest (Sigala, Christou and Gretzel, 2012). The management is also allowing the new employees to perform independently and to share their ideas. The supervisors are instructing the new employees with critical evaluation and demonstration; this will help the new employees to perform effectively (Harzing and Pinnington, 2015). However, there are certain limitations of on-the-job training. Most of their methods are time-consuming, especially to learn them about the activities regarding sporting interest such as fishing and golfing. As the methods are time-consuming, the management of English Riviera Tourism has been getting various issues, while performing their operational activities, especially during the peak seasons (Meijerink et al. 2015). Under off-the-job training, the management is conducting various training activities such as role playing, organizing conferences, outdoor training, coaching and mentoring. The leaders and the managers of English Riviera Tourism are arranging various conferences, coaching and mentoring sessions to motivate and to educate the new employees regarding the activities related to sporting interests (Thakore, 2013). As a result, most of the new employees are highly motivated and focused. These methods have also enhanced employee retention rate of the organization. As the company is a tourism organization, various outdoor training related to the activities regarding sporting interest is given by the management to their new employees. Off-the-job training is more effective than on-the job training for the company English Riviera Tourism, but they usually have to invest more for off-the-job method. During the off-the-job training, the management is unable to attain revenue from the new employees. In addition, in case if a new employee decides to leave the organization after training, it may become loss for the organization (Bhurtel, 2015). Recommendations for improving Training and Development Methods Setting Up Clear and Effective Training and Development Objectives and Goals about Sporting Interests The management of English Riviera Tourism does not have clear and concise objectives and goals for the training and development, especially about the activities regarding sporting interest such as fishing and golfing. This is why they are mostly unable to utilize the effectiveness of training and development methods. Therefore, the management should setup clear and effective goals. Targeting the Needs Most of the training and development methods of English Riviera Tourism are too generic. The even organization can assist the tourism company to select alternative methods, which are target-oriented. One of the key needs of the company is to promote and to utilize sporting interests. Tracking Outcome The management of English Riviera Tourism should analyze the outcome of their training and development activities using the help of the event organization in order to enhance the effectiveness of the methods and to avoid the non-effective methods. Self-Reflective Log Human Resource Management (HRM) has various significances, especially within the current organizational environments, which is changing constantly. Competition and the intention to enhance profitability have made the organizational environments more challenging. HRM is helping the organizations to deal with these challenges effectively through various HRM activities such as Recruitment and Selection and Training and Development. The current assignment helped me to gain overall idea about the Recruitment and Selection and Training and Development processes by analyzing the current context of English Riviera Tourism. I have learned about all the aspects, benefits and limitations of such HRM activities through critical analysis of the HRM practices in English Riviera Tourism. I have learned that there are needs of both on-the-job and off-the-job training to perform effectively within the tourism organizations. However, the key approach must be to select the best possible training and development method based on the needs and requirements of the tourism business. I have learned that off-the-job trainings are most effective but costly too, while on-the-job methods are time-consuming. Therefore, I will have to carefully consider the training and development methods, while operating within a tourism industry. On the other hand, I have also understood and have gathered adequate knowledge regarding the recruitment and selection processes within a tourism organization. I have the knowledge regarding the skills and expertise required for operating within the tourism organization that I must consider during recruitment and selection. I have evaluated that the there are various skills and competencies required for operating the HRM activities effectively within a travel and tourism company. First of all, it is essential to understand all the business operations involved within a tourism company to analyze the roles and responsibilities of each position. The tours and tourism industry is largely customer-oriented. Therefore, I have analyzed the skills and competencies required for performing within the tourism organization. In this way, the analytical and critical thinking skills are essential for performing the HRM activities successfully within the tourism companies. In addition, there are various skills such as communication, coordination etc, that are essential to carry on the HRM responsibilities successfully in the tourism organizations. These skills are essential as most of the business and operation of the tourism industries largely depend upon how they are responding towards the customers. However, there are various other areas, where I need to concentrate more for enhancing my HR skills. In order to become a successful HR manager, I must also provide key priority towards the technical HR skills. On the other hand, the entire HRM concept is becoming technologically advanced as many leading companies have already started implementing advanced and sophisticated technologies within their business and operation. Therefore, it is essential for me to understand those technologies and their usage. Coordination and team work is also essential for enhancing the tourism services. Therefore, I must focus upon those aspects for improving my HR skills in order to perform efficiently within a tourism organization. Conclusion The current assignment concludes various aspects of HRM, where the key focus are given towards the HR skills and competencies required for performing effectively within a tourism organization. Reference List Agarwal, B. and Kapoor(Kohli), N. (2013). Impact of HRM Practices on Employees Efficacy and Engagement. Trai. and Deve. Jrnl., 4(2), p.169 Berman, E. (2015). HRM in Development: Lessons and Frontiers. Public Admin. Dev., 35(2), pp.113-127 Bhurtel, A. (2015). Technical and Vocational Education and Training in Workforce Development. Journal of Training and Development, 1(0) Breaugh, J. (2014, July). Employee recruitment. InMeeting the Challenge of Human Resource Management: A Communication Perspective(p. 29). Routledge. Gunnigle, P. (2013). Human resource management in Ireland.Employee Relations. Harzing, A. and Pinnington, A. (2015). International human resource management. London: SAGE Publications Ltd Hotter, B., Jegzentis, K., Steinbrink, J., Schmidt, W. U., Endres, M., Meisel, A., ... Jungehulsing, G. J. (2013). Impact of Selection Criteria on Recruitment in an Interventional Stroke Trial.Cerebrovascular Diseases,36(5-6), 344-350. Jiang, K., Lepak, D. P., Hu, J., Baer, J. C. (2012). How does human resource management influence organizational outcomes? A meta-analytic investigation of mediating mechanisms.Academy of management Journal,55(6), 1264-1294. Lengnick-Hall, C. A., Beck, T. E., Lengnick-Hall, M. L. (2011). Developing a capacity for organizational resilience through strategic human resource management.Human Resource Management Review,21(3), 243-255. Martin-Rojas, R., Garcia-Morales, V. J., and Mihi-Ramirez, A. (2014). Knowledge-Based Organization in Tourism Industry.Engineering Economics,25(1), 82-93. Meijerink, J., Bondarouk, T. and Lepak, D. (2015). Employees as Active Consumers of HRM: Linking Employees HRM Competences with Their Perceptions of HRM Service Value. Human Resource Management, p.n/a-n/a Mello, J. (2014).Strategic human resource management. Cengage Learning. Purce, J. (2014). The impact of corporate strategy on human resource management.New Perspectives on Human Resource Management (Routledge Revivals), 67. Riley, M. (2014).Human resource management in the hospitality and tourism industry. Routledge. Sigala, M., Christou, E., and Gretzel, U. (Eds.). (2012).Social media in travel, tourism and hospitality: Theory, practice and cases. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.. Thakore, D. (2013). Training - A Strategic HRM Function. ILSHS, 11, pp.84-90

Managers And Employees In Todays Work Force Need To Obey And Underst E

Managers and employee's in today's work force need to obey and understand the privacy and security laws that protect one another's privacy. The importance of an employee's privacy is not a topic to be taken lightly, and if not addressed and enforced in a serious manner, could create unwanted problems in corporations and businesses. People are mistaken when they think a person has to work for them to be protected under federal privacy and security laws. Privacy laws start as soon as a person applies for a position in a company or business. Industries of today lack policies that protect them and their employee's from violation. I feel David Linowes, a professor of political economy and public policy emeritus at the University of Illinois, says it best when he explains. ?Nearly 20 years after U. S. Privacy Protection Commission submitted its recommendations urging business to voluntarily adopt privacy safeguards for its employment-related records, too many of the nation's largest industrial corporations still do not have adequate policies to protect sensitive confidential employee data from possible abuse?. Linowes surveyed 300 Fortune 500 companies about their policies on employee records. A total of 84 companies with a total of 3.2 million employees participated. In Linowes findings he discovered that 70 percent of the companies disclose personal information about employees to credit grantors, 47 percent give information to landlords, and 19 percent to charitable organizations. Believe it or not 38 percent of the compa nies don't even tell their employee's what type of information is stored ion, and 44 percent don't tell them how information is used from their own records. In the past it was a concern on what employers did to get information about their employees, now the extensive of the problem is what they are doing with it after they get the information. It was 20 years ago that his commission made recommendations to the President and Congress, That businesses be allowed to take steps on their own and handle privacy dilemmas. Linowes now states ?In view of the slow progress by too many companies during the past 20 years, it is apparent that adequate universal information privacy safeguards can only be achieved by the enactment of public policy legislation by the Congress and the President?. Legislation should allow employees to see information about themselves on which decisions are made. I feel that employees should have the right to see what is being held in their records, if they are not gr anted these privileges I believe they would feel almost threaten by managers and employment. Employees should also know who has access to these records. Employees have the right to be protected from unreasonable intrusions into their private lives. The question is, what is private and what is open to public eyes.

Managers And Employees In Todays Work Force Need To Obey And Underst E

Managers and employee's in today's work force need to obey and understand the privacy and security laws that protect one another's privacy. The importance of an employee's privacy is not a topic to be taken lightly, and if not addressed and enforced in a serious manner, could create unwanted problems in corporations and businesses. People are mistaken when they think a person has to work for them to be protected under federal privacy and security laws. Privacy laws start as soon as a person applies for a position in a company or business. Industries of today lack policies that protect them and their employee's from violation. I feel David Linowes, a professor of political economy and public policy emeritus at the University of Illinois, says it best when he explains. ?Nearly 20 years after U. S. Privacy Protection Commission submitted its recommendations urging business to voluntarily adopt privacy safeguards for its employment-related records, too many of the nation's largest industrial corporations still do not have adequate policies to protect sensitive confidential employee data from possible abuse?. Linowes surveyed 300 Fortune 500 companies about their policies on employee records. A total of 84 companies with a total of 3.2 million employees participated. In Linowes findings he discovered that 70 percent of the companies disclose personal information about employees to credit grantors, 47 percent give information to landlords, and 19 percent to charitable organizations. Believe it or not 38 percent of the compa nies don't even tell their employee's what type of information is stored ion, and 44 percent don't tell them how information is used from their own records. In the past it was a concern on what employers did to get information about their employees, now the extensive of the problem is what they are doing with it after they get the information. It was 20 years ago that his commission made recommendations to the President and Congress, That businesses be allowed to take steps on their own and handle privacy dilemmas. Linowes now states ?In view of the slow progress by too many companies during the past 20 years, it is apparent that adequate universal information privacy safeguards can only be achieved by the enactment of public policy legislation by the Congress and the President?. Legislation should allow employees to see information about themselves on which decisions are made. I feel that employees should have the right to see what is being held in their records, if they are not gr anted these privileges I believe they would feel almost threaten by managers and employment. Employees should also know who has access to these records. Employees have the right to be protected from unreasonable intrusions into their private lives. The question is, what is private and what is open to public eyes.

Second Coming essays

Second Coming essays The Second Coming (pp. 1109-10), by W. B. Yeats is a very good poem in which Yeats explains his position that events in time move in two thousand year cycles. He compares the movement of time to a gyre (1) or funnel that gets wider, or narrower, as you move from one end to another. In The Second Coming, Yeats tells us that a widening cycle that began with the birth of Jesus continued for twenty centuries (19). Yeats says that some revelation is at hand; . . . Second Coming is at hand (10-11), to tell the reader that the twentieth century marked the beginning of the new, narrowing cycle in which much of the progress of the previous cycle becomes unraveled and deteriorates into anarchy (4). He uses the Sphinx, which has a lions body and a humans head (14), to symbolize the coming of something. Yeats views this second coming as something negative. This shows in his use of the phrases: darkness drops again (18) and vexed to nightmare (20). It also shows in use of the word Bethlehem in the phrase slouching toward Bethlehem (22). Here, Bethlehem does not refer to the actual city in present-day Israel, which is the site of much unrest and the birthplace of Jesus. Yeats uses Bethlehem in a figurative sense to mean that something is about to be born; it can also be a reference to bedlam or anarchy, as mentioned in line 4. ...

History of Cigarettes essays

History of Cigarettes essays Tobacco was first introduced to Western Society in the 16th Century. There is evidence that the herb was being used in Asia and Northern America for centuries before its introduction to European explorers. Christopher Columbus said that he witnessed the great use of tobacco among the Native Americans when he discovered America in the late 15th Century but there is evidence of earlier explorers having seen that before Columbus. French explorer Jacques Cartier wrote the first report of early experimentation by Europeans, describing how he had smoked tobacco with Native Americans while in the Americas. The Europeans were amazed by the American Indian culture that told of tobacco being used as a medicine to cure mental and physical problems (i.e. sexually transmitted diseases) when it was first introduced in Europe. In England and France, tobacco was seen as a privilege because of the tales of Sir Walter Raleigh, which convinced even the queen to start smoking. In the US, tobacco farming grew greatly, because it was the preferred way to trade with Europe for their manufactured goods. Because of this, methods had to be developed to make tobacco survive days by ship across the seas, so the early settlers developed fire-curing and later charcoal curing which made it keep its taste and be able to last longer. Tobacco was introduced into Europe in the mid-16th Century, France in 1556, then Portugal in 1558, Spain 1559 and England in 1565 then it just spread to all In many Indian cultures, tobacco was used in religious practices. The smell of the smoke from burning tobacco leaves was an incense for offerings to the gods. Augurs and sooth-sayers observed the motions of tobacco sparks and smoke to try to foretell the future. In many tribes of North America, ...

SA Adventures Unlimited Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

SA Adventures Unlimited - Essay Example The first organized trip by SA Adventures Unlimited which was a three-week excursion across Ecuador and Peru that became a resounding success which prompted the business to expand its size and scope. From that single trip, it has grown to having 16 different excursions scheduled that includes trips to Central America. Additional personnel were also recruited that shared their similar passion for South America and the outdoors. As the business grew, the Rodriguez’s however are beginning to experience problems. Two of the tours were beyond the budget because of unanticipated costs which eroded the year’s profit. They also had to refund 30 percent of the tour fee because the group was stranded for five days in Blanco Puente after missing a train connection. Customer satisfaction is declining as customers were beginning to complain about the quality of accommodation and the price of the tours. The Rodriguez’s were also having hard time tracking cost across their projects and did not know their financial position until after their taxes were prepared. Clearly, the Rodriguez’s are having hard time coping with the demands of their expanding business. Excursions were poorly planned resulting in missing train connection and poor accommodation which severely undermined customer’s satisfaction that ultimately reduced their profits. Worst, their inability to track their costs across projects made it more difficult for them to plan future excursions which could undermine the business’s viability.... Each excursion or project that SA Adventures organizes is unique, complex, non-routine, one time effort that is limited by time, budget, resources with the objective of satisfying the customer (Gray & Larson, 2011). Thus, it is imperative that SA Adventures Unlimited must have a good grasp about Project Management to effectively and efficiently utilize human and nonhuman resources to reach predetermined objectives (Gray & Larson, 2011). Such, the extent of the application of Project Management to SA Ventures Unlimited is pervasive in all its operation due to the very nature of business which is organizing excursions that is project based. Project Management is complex. Unlike the traditional task in an organization where functions are segmented, Project Management is non-routinary and requires a lot of  problem  solving, coordination and time management to get a project done on time, within budget and in accordance to customer’s specification  (Gray & Larson, 2011).   The repercussion of failing to define, plan, executive and deliver the service is already obvious in the SA Adventures Unlimited case that it resulted to an erosion of profit and uncertainty to plan future excursions. The nature of the job at SA Adventures Unlimited also required interfacing between the customer and the companies capabilities. Being the interface between the company and the client, SA Adventures Unlimited personnel have to reconcile customer expectation with what is feasible and reasonable  (Gray & Larson, 2011)  and have to resolve issues that may arise as they execute the project. In executing the project, this would require a delicate balancing act between the trade-offs of time, cost and performance to get a